Resolução de Problemas na formação de professores de Ciências da Natureza: aspectos pedagógicos e metodológicos

Abstract

This work presents a study of the methodology of Resolution of Problem in the training of teachers of Natural Sciences. For this purpose, a research on this methodological strategy is demonstrated, as well as the deepening of its pedagogical and methodological aspects. We also present a bibliographic review on the theme between the years 2000 to 2016, in which four periodicals that deal with Problem Solving in teacher training in the area of Natural Sciences were investigated. In this research, we try to understand how teachers in the area appropriate, produce and implement problems for Basic Education in the course of training. The data were collected in the course of university extension at the Federal University of Pampa of campus Caçapava do Sul, RS. For this, the problems elaborated by the teachers during the extension course were analyzed and categorized, the difficulties and capacities of the teachers were identified when producing problems of the area of Sciences of the Nature, as well as the potentiality of the implementation of the methodology of Resolution of Problems in Basic Education. When analyzing these aspects, it is verified that the teachers, through the training course, managed to construct problems that deal with aspects important for the cognitive development of the students, it is noticed that when encouraging the authorship through the elaboration of the blocks of problems, the teachers become more autonomous about their classes. It is noteworthy that the application of the problems produced in the Basic Education revealed to the teachers several difficulties. The difficulties encountered by these teachers, the activities developed during the course, as well as the moments of group cooperation caused the teachers to reflect on their practices and demonstrate the improvement of other important skills for teaching work. Thus, it is verified that the development of alternative teaching methodologies, such as Problem Solving, in the course of teacher training contributes to professional improvement.