O Sistema Solar numa escala real: uma proposta de ensino-aprendizagem baseada em oficinas pedagógicas

Abstract

Astronomy is a very old science, and its beginnings date back to prehistory. This science has evolved rapidly in recent decades, especially with the advancement of astronomical observation techniques, including those of distance and velocity measurements of stars and galaxies. Coupled with this speed with which information reaches the population, they result in a blatant invasion of these concepts in the media and institute the need for rapid updating of textbooks and the use of paradidactic materials by science teachers. This thematic unit (astronomy) is part of the Earth and Universe axis of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), already approved, and which, according to the opinion and normative resolution of the National Education Council (CNE), should begin to be implemented from the curriculum review, preferably in 2019 and until the deadline of the 2020 school year. This research used a qualitative approach to the procedures and was divided into two stages. The first with a documentary approach and aimed to analyze how the concepts about the Solar System and the stars that compose it are approached, in textbooks used in the final series of Basic Education in the city of Caçapava do Sul and how this theme articulates with what is proposed in the BNCC for this unit. The second, with an action research approach, aimed to implement and analyze a Pedagogical Workshop (OP) that discussed the dimensions and distances of the Planets, having as a basic prerogative the Critical Meaningful Learning (ASC) and as a background the use of replicas. of the Solar System in the students' historical and social context, helping them to understand concepts and ideas that textbooks often cannot illustrate. The implementation of the PB qualitatively sought to add scientific and social knowledge, establishing as a goal to understand if there was ASC in the aspects of conceptual content (CC), attitudinal content (CA) and procedural content (PC), in addition to bringing the didactic intention closer to what is proposed at the BNCC for the teaching of astronomy. The results of the research point to the need for the textbook not to be the only consultation and support material in the teaching-learning processes, since they have many limitations, such as little or nothing about the natural satellites of the other planets of the System. Solar, present an incomplete definition of the concept of the Solar System and its graphic representations collaborate scarcely to the understanding of the dimensions and distances between the planets, as suggested by the BNCC in the thematic axis Earth and Universe. Regarding the construction and implementation of the PB it is considered that there has been a substantial advance in the learning of conceptual content and the development of attitudes and skills, although not reaching the expected level, much evidence corroborates the possibility that students, even in formal and constituted school, can learn from what they already know, being able to learn by asking instead of giving ready answers and that the use of different educational materials and environments that break the classroom space can be potential for the promotion of critical learning.