O financiamento da inovação elementos teóricos e a atuação da FINEP e do BNDES entre 2003 e 2014

Abstract

This paper presents the relationship between innovation, seen as the major force of economic development; financing, one of the necessary conditions for its emergence and the National Innovation System (NIS) and institutional framework of each State as the main agent. The actions of state agents in financing innovation was analyzed, as the investment is a precondition for its existence. Thus analyzes public funding for innovation in Brazil through the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) and the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) between the years 2003-2014. To this end, the study sought to make a theoretical rescue of innovation and the possibilities of its financing, since the innovative process is marked by uncertainty. For this they used the relevant concepts of Schumpeter and Keynes and then we used the inserts made its work, the schools followers of his works. Soon after, we delimited the forms of post-World War II state action to the current scenario. It appears that the current state is strongly questioned as their priorities and possibilities to provide economic growth and development to countries, coupled with this comes the idea of National Innovation System. A National Innovation System covers a large number of actors, companies, institutions articulated between themselves and led by the State can provide an enabling environment for this to occur. But for that to happen the State should direct its actions through public policies for the creation of this space is possible. One of the ways public policy of the State to foster the emergence of innovation is to facilitate the financing of your investment. In Brazil the performance of two public agencies of financing innovation has a major role, that they are FINEP and BNDES. Based on that, there was a brief historical review of these institutions, their current instrument operation and data analysis on their disbursements targeted at fostering innovation in the period between 2013 and 2014. It is observed that both has increased its disbursements over period, which hopefully should have important results for innovation