Uma análise no efeito da exportação brasileira para a China: investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) e o mercado de minério de ferro

Abstract

Over the last two decades, China has continuously increased its trade relationship with Brazil. Currently, it is the largest destination for Brazilian exports of soybeans, iron ore and concentrates, oils and petroleum, and beef, chicken and pork. Brazil, on the other hand, imports from that country mainly different equipment and machinery, with a notable economic advantage for Brazil. China imports 27% of the iron ore in the export basket from Brazil, being among the countries that keep the product the most. In this sense, the objective of the research was to analyze the impact of China's Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) effect on the Brazilian iron ore export agenda, considering the period from 2000 to 2020. This is a systematic literature review on the effects of Chinese FDI on Brazilian iron ore exports. In addition, it is exposed that it is a hypothetical-deductive research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Among the results of the survey, China appears as Brazil's largest trade partner, and in 2020 the Brazilian surplus was US$ 33 billion. With regard to the mineral sector, it was found that in the period selected for the research, China decreased imports of iron ores, mainly from 2007, migrating to other commodities such as soybeans and oil. Even so, the import of ores from Brazil remains in second place among the products most purchased by China, having been 59% of the total produced in 2019. As for the effect of Chinese FDI, the Asian country contributed about 31% of the stock of FDI, second only to the US, with sectors related to raw materials appearing in first place in the order of largest contribution, around US$ 73 million between 2000 and 2018. Chinese FDI takes place mainly in the form of bids, mergers and acquisitions of assets from Brazilian and foreign companies operating in the domestic market