Relação das características geológicas com os processos de lavra em alguns exemplos de rochas carbonáticas no Brasil

Abstract

Carbonate rocks, explored all over Brazil and also in the world, they are formed by sedimentary or metasedimentary processes and can be used for various purposes, such as: in civil construction, chemical industry, steel industry and agriculture. Given this great economic potential, the idea of this work is to study different types of limestone and understand how geology can influence the choice of mining method and equipment used. In this work, dolomitic limestone, tufa and travertine were studied. The Caatinga Formation is represented by travertine limestone or Bahia Beige, very important economically for the entire state and especially the city of Ourolândia-BA, the mining of the company Polibege is done by low benches and the extraction is made for use as ornamental rock. The Serra da Bodoquena Formation is represented by the tufa limestone, which appears mainly on the banks of rivers, where organic matter is abundant. The company Calcário Xaraés, located in BonitoMS, explores these tufas through the plowing method, which is possible due to the low hardness and depth of the deposits. The Passo Feio Complex is represented by dolomitic limestone, of high quality and extremely important for the local economy; the company Fida, located in Caçapava do Sul-RS, uses explosives for dismantling and trucks for transportation to processing, making the huge blocks powder for soil acidity correction. According to Sampaio & Almeida (2005), there are no rocks with greater applicability than limestone; given its importance in the Brazilian and world scenario, knowledge of geology in every aspect is essential, thus contributing to a better use of the mining, safety and environmental impact.