Relação entre o desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal e diabetes tipo 2: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes leads us to investigate beyond the already discovered factors that trigger this disease, such as genetics, eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. Thus, we searched in this review through the sources: Medline database (accessed by Pubmed), Pubmed and Lilacs, the description of the findings in humans, relating the intestinal microbiota imbalance and type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies using metabolomic methods and metagenomics suggest that intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in host metabolism. Among the main factors regulating the intestinal microbiota are diet, drugs, bariatric surgery, probiotics and prebiotics. The intestinal microbiota, influenced by these factors, can positively modify metabolic parameters in the host. The change occurs by inhibiting pro inflammatory bacteria that are correlated with the outcome of type 2 diabetes and by favoring the abundance of bacteria associated with improved glucose metabolism, insulin and increased production of short-chain fatty acids, in addition underlying mechanisms. Therefore, outcomes such as reduction of obesity and low-grade inflammation, decreased insulin resistance, glucose regulation, intestinal hormone modulation, and fatty acid metabolism are strong indications of the relationship between the intestinal ecosystem and improved metabolic control in diabetes type 2. Although some mechanisms are still contradictory or even misunderstood, current studies provide promising evidences for the prevention or treatment of the disease from the modulation of the intestinal microbiota.