Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja armazenadas em diferentes temperaturas e embalagens

Abstract

Soybeans are the most produced oilseed in the world, having a wide use in the market, like the production of oil, animal feed, among other by-products. Brazil is among the largest producers of soybeans and productivity rates are increasing with each harvest. Allied to this high productivity is the use of quality seeds and the handling they have throughout the storage. Seed quality conservation must take place at least until sowing, requiring safe storage throughout this period. During storage, several factors influence the conservation and maintenance of seed quality, under certain environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity, among them, we have the storage system used. Considering the importance of the use of quality seeds for higher yields, the objective of the work is to determine the appropriate conditions to ensure the physiological quality during the storage of soybean seeds. The seeds was stored for a period of 180 days at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 ° C. They was submitted to analysis at the beginning, and every 45 days, until the time of 180 days. The evaluated parameters was seedling length, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, germination, dry mass of seedlings, weight of thousand seeds, moisture content and cold vigor. The results indicated that the storage temperature of 15 ºC maintained the initial seed quality during 180 days, regardless of the packaging, the temperature of 25 ° C kept the germination percentages above the standard, however showed lower vigor results, for all storage systems, and the temperature of 35 ° C made storage in this condition unfeasible for the first 45 days, with low germination and vigor percentages, except for non-hermetic storage, which up to 135 days of storage maintained germination above 80%.