Análise da resposta transitória de metodologias para localização de faltas fundamentadas em dados de um e dois terminais aplicadas em sistemas elétricos de potência

Abstract

Faults in Electrical Power Systems (EPS) are detected and isolated by system protection devices. The power supply interruption time may be shortened if the fault location is accurate. In this context, since the Transmission Lines (TL’s) have relatively constant characteristic impedances per km, numerical protection relays are provided with logic for the estimation of the fault location, by calculating the impedance between the point of installation of the equipment until the short-circuit point. Such computational logics operate by processing voltage and current signals from one or more terminals. This work aims to expose and compare the performance of fault locator methods (FLs) based on the impedance calculation from data from one and two terminals proposed in the specialized literature. To this end, a test system corresponding to a transmission line with sources at both terminals was implemented in the ATPDraw software, from which different types of short circuits were simulated at different sampling rates, in order to generate a bank of voltage and current signals from these simulations, which were measured at both terminals of the line. The FLs were implemented in the Matlab R software, being tested for processing the signals of said database. From these simulations, it was possible to obtain the transient response of each method, allowing to conclude that the estimation of the fault location by the FLs varies according to the type of fault, sampling rate and circuit breaker opening time.