Distribuição de renda: análise do caso brasileiro entre os anos de 2004 a 2014

Abstract

The objective of this monograph is to analyze the distribution of income in Brazil between 2004 and 2014, a period where there are indicators of a decrease in income inequality, seeking to understand the main determinants of this change. Income from income transfers, more specifically interest from savings accounts and other financial investments, dividends, social programs and other income from government transfers, income from social security indexed to salary and minimum income, and other income from work will be analyzed. Pensions, as well as other sources of income. The method to be used will be to analyze the income of Brazilian families through the Lorenz Curve, Theil Index, Gini Index and the ratios between the income of the 40% with the lowest income and the 10% with the highest income, and between the 20% with lower income and 20% with higher income, which are indicators that measure the distribution and the degree of income distribution, as done in the work of Soares (2006) and Hoffman (2016). According to the results obtained it is possible to affirm that the year of 2014 was the one with the best income distribution, with the Gini coefficient of 0.518 and Theil index 0.541, lower in the series observed, the share in the average income of the poorest tenths Increased considerably while the richest tenths fell, the Lorenz curve was closer to the equality line, and the Gini coefficient decomposition showed that labor income is the one with the highest share of per capita income with 76.8%, and the highest income is the one that distributes the most, and its concentration decreases 5.7% in relation to 2004. The income of the Interest rate and “Bolsa Família” was important in the distribution where it increased its share in total income Per capita in 38% from 2004 to 2014. Another important result was that the Lorenz index for Welfare indexed to the minimum wage was the best distributed being closer to the equality others.